UNIX:
Boris - Ultra 10
Sherman - Ultra 10
Rocky - Ultra 10
Bullwinkle - Ultra 10
Mking - Ultra 80
Hubbert - Ultra 10
Medusa - dual prossesor
LINUX:
Athena
Demeter
cd directory path - to change directories
pwd - prints the current working directory on the screen
ll - to list the contents of a directory
ls -al - to list all the contents of a directory (including the .files)
cp filename filename2 - to copy a file into the same directory,
but call it something different
mv filename directory path - to move a file from one directory
into another
rm filename - to remove a file
mkdir - to make a directory
rmdir - to remove a directory
lpstat printer - lists the active print jobs on a printer
cancel printer-print job - cancels the active print job on a printer
uname -a - to see the computer and software version you are running
ping computername - to see if a computer is up and running
who - to see who is running on the computer that you are logged into
nice -jobname - lowers the priority of a job (# ranges from 1-19;
1=high priority)
top - to list the active processes on the machine you are logged into
and get a process id
kill -9 process id - to kill a process
ps -ef | grep keyword - lists the status of the keyword
ie. ps -ef | grep netscape - lists any netsape processes running on that machine,
and the process id
df -k - lists disk usage ouput (size available, size used, capacity %)
of the machines on the network
df -k | grep d3 - lists only the disk usage output for /shannon/d3 (must
be logged into shannon)
when typing in a filename or directory path type the "Esc" key for automatic
path or filename completion
xwd |xpr ps |lpr -Pprintername - screen capture and print the output
to a printer
1. On your PC go to the Start Menu, click on Run.
2. type \\mking\shannon
Make sure to use the forward slashes. A file manager will pop up that shows the folders in /shannon/d3.
To get to your mail folder type \\mking\your userid
You can now move things back and forth between the unix and the PC using this file folder system.
You can even make /shannon/d3 a directory on your PC, contact brgadmin@geosc.psu.edu
with help on this.
For more information see the following web page http://www.geosc.psu.edu/computing/
or Click here
Unix directories are protected using a series of 10 letters (a code), printed
at the beginning of a directory listing.
This code can be viewed by doing a ls -l on a particular directory.
For example:
In /hydro/d2/heatherj, there are 4 directories, the code is the first 10 letters on eah line.
drwxr-x--- 2 heatherj flemings 512 Aug 21 11:47 Directory1/
drwxr-xr-x 2 heatherj flemings 512 Aug 10 08:30 Directory2/
drwxr-xr-x 3 heatherj flemings 512 Aug 23 08:08 Directory3/
drwx--l--- 2 heatherj flemings 512 Aug 3 10:50 Personal/
-rwxrwxrwx 2 heatherj flemings 512 Aug 3 10:50 file.jpg
The first letter will either be a "d" or an "-", a "d" stands for directory, an "-" means it is a listing for a file
The next nine letters are broken down into 3 sections, each containing 3 letters, the letter can be "r" for readable, "w" for writeable,
"x" for executable, or "-" for nothing (not readable, writeable, or executable)
The 2nd-4th letters deal with owner permissions, the next three (5th-7th) letters for group permissions and the last three (8th-10th) letters are for world permissions
The owner is listed in the third column, in the above case "heatherj" is the owner.
The group is listed in the fourth column, in the above case "flemings" is the group.
The first letter in the listing is unchangeable, Unix automatically assigns that letter according to whether the listing is for a file or directory,
The other 9 letters can be changed by the owner to give or take away permissions.
Each subset of 3 letters is associated with numbers, r=4, w=2, x=1.
These numbers can be used by themselves or added together to get different combinations of permissions.
We use a unix command called "chmod" to change permissions back and forth.
For example:
Directory1 (above) has permissions 750. Remember the first letter doesn't count, and then the letters are grouped in 3's, so r+w+x (4+2+1)= 7
then r+-+x (4+0+1)=5, then -+-+- (0+0+0)=0. This means the owner can read, write and execute, the group can read and execute and the world has no permissions.
Directory2 (above) has permissions 755.
The Personal directory has 700 permissions, this means that only the owner can read, write and execute this directory (the "l" stands for locked).
The file.jpg above has 777 permissions, it can be read, written to and executed by anyone (owner, group, world).
To use the chmod command type: chmod (space) 3 digit number (space) directory or file to change.
For example:
To close world permissions on file.jpg, type: chmod 750 file.jpg
If you want to change all the files in a particular directory structure you can use a "-R",
which stands for recursive and changes permissions in every file in that particular directory.
To use, type: chmod -R 750 directory
You can also change the owner and group by using the chown and chgrp commands.
There are a significant number of hanging processes on the unix machines.
These processes decrease the efficiency with which we can work because they waste CPU and RAM power.
Please monitor your useage and cleanup runaway processes.
There are a few ways to do this:
Before logging out, exit all programs, consoles and terminals.
Where possible, type 'exit' on the command line.
Periodically check your processes to see if anything is running or using more CPU or RAM than it should.
Check your processes using the 'top' command, then 'kill' any runaway processes.
If you need further explanation on these commands, please see Brandon or Heather.
To do a global search and replace :g/expression you want to replace/s//expression you want to replace it with/g
Type sdiview in a shell